PSG has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the French league winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.